THE LAWS OF THOUGHT
A Thematic Compilation
Avi Sion, Ph. D.
First Published, 2008. Expanded edition, 2014.
Abstract
The Laws of Thought is an exploration of the deductive and
inductive foundations of rational thought. The author here clarifies and
defends Aristotle’s Three Laws of Thought, called the Laws of Identity,
Non-contradiction and Exclusion of the Middle – and introduces two more, which are implicit in and crucial to them: the
Fourth Law of Thought, called the Principle of Induction, and the Fifth Law of
Thought, called the Principle of Deduction.
This book is a thematic compilation drawn from past works by
the author over a period of twenty-three years.
Buy it or read it online
All of Avi Sion’s published books can be purchased at Amazon.com
(in paperback or kindle/.mobi form), and at Lulu.com (in
hardcover, paperback or e-book/.epub form), as well as other online stores.
They can also be read online free of charge, chapter by
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in '3D flipbook' format, at www.AviSionBooks.com,
as well as in Google Books and other Internet locations. They are also available in many
university and public libraries.
Contents
Chapter One - The Foundations of Logic
Drawn from Future Logic (1990), chapter 2.
1.
The Law of Identity
2.
The Law of Contradiction
3.
The Law of the Excluded Middle
Chapter Two - Logical Relations
Drawn from Future Logic (1990), chapter 3 (part of section 3 omitted).
1.
True or False
2.
Branches of Logic
3.
Tools of Logic
4.
Axioms of Logic
Chapter Three - Credibility
Drawn from Future Logic (1990), chapter 20 (sections 1-3).
1.
Ground of the Laws
2.
Functions of the Laws
3.
More on Credibility
Chapter Four - Paradoxes
Drawn from Future Logic (1990), chapter 31 (sections 1 & 2).
1.
Internal Inconsistency
2.
The Stolen Concept Fallacy
Chapter Five - Double Paradoxes
Drawn from Future Logic (1990), chapter 32.
1.
Definition
2.
The Liar Paradox
3.
The Barber Paradox
Chapter Six
Drawn from Buddhist Illogic (2002), chapter 1 & chapter 2.
1.
The Tetralemma
2.
Nagarjuna’s Misinterpretation
3.
Neither Real Nor Unreal
4.
Common Way vs. Middle Way
Chapter Seven
Drawn from Phenomenology (2003), chapter 1 (sections 1 & 2).
1.
Phenomenology
2.
Knowledge is Based On Appearance
Chapter Eight
Drawn from Phenomenology (2003), chapter 2 (sections 2 & 3).
1.
Appearance and Other Large Concepts
2.
Material, Mental, Intuitive, Abstract
Chapter Nine - Compatibility or Incompatibility
Drawn from Phenomenology (2003), chapter4 (section 2).
1.
Apprehension
2.
Explications
3.
Negation
4.
Primaries
Chapter Ten
Drawn from Phenomenology (2003), chapter 7 (section 3) and chapter 4
(section 5).
1.
Logical Attitudes
2.
Unity In Plurality
Chapter Eleven
Drawn from Ruminations (2005), chapter 1 (sections 1-3).
1.
Dialectical Reasoning
2.
Genesis of Axioms
3.
Paradoxical Propositions
Chapter Twelve
Drawn from Ruminations (2005), chapter 1 (sections 4-6).
1.
Contradiction
2.
Varieties of Contradiction
3.
Double Standards
Chapter Thirteen
Drawn from Ruminations (2005), chapter 1 (sections 7-10).
1.
Special Status of the Laws
2.
Motors of Rational Thought
3.
Cogito, Ergo Sum
4.
Concerning Identity
Chapter Fourteen
Drawn from Ruminations (2005), chapter 2 (section 17).
1.
Appearance, Reality and Illusion
2.
Existence and Non-existence
Chapter Fifteen
Drawn from Ruminations (2005), chapter 3 (section 5), chapter 5
(section 1) and chapter 6 (sections 3 & 4).
1.
Poles of Duality
2.
On the Liar paradox
3.
Non-Aristotelian “Logic”
4.
Postmodern “Logic”
Chapter Sixteen - On Negation
Drawn from Ruminations (2005), chapter 9 (sections 1-4).
1.
Negation in Adduction
2.
Positive and Negative Phenomena
3.
Positive Experience Precedes Negation
4.
Negation is an Intention
Chapter Seventeen - On Negation
Drawn from Ruminations (2005), chapter 9 (sections 5-8).
1.
Formal Consequences
2.
Negation and the Laws of Thought
3.
Pure Experience
4.
Consistency is Natural
Chapter Eighteen - The Principle of Induction
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), Hume’s Problems
with Induction, chapter 2.
1.
The Uniformity Principle
2.
The Principle of Induction
3.
Regarding Husserl
4.
The Flexibility of Induction
Chapter Nineteen - The Primacy of the Laws
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 2.
1.
Briefly Put
2.
Antagonism to the Laws
3.
Counterarguments
4.
Our Pedestrian Path
Chapter Twenty
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 3 & chapter 4.
1.
Ontological Status of the Laws
2.
The Need for a Subject
3.
Fuzzy Logic
4.
Stick to Logic
Chapter Twenty-One - Misrepresentation of Aristotle
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 5.
1.
Ups and Downs of Aristotelianism
2.
Aristotle Bashing
3.
Aristotle’s Dynamism
Chapter Twenty-Two - Not on the Geometrical Model
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 6.
1.
How to Validate Logic?
2.
The Inductive Nature of Knowledge
3.
The Crucial Role of Negation
Chapter Twenty-Three - A Poisonous Brew
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 7.
1.
Truth vs. Proof
2.
Double Negation
Chapter Twenty-Four - The Game of One-upmanship
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 8.
1.
Misleading Symbolism
2.
Upping the Ante
Chapter Twenty-Five - In Buddhist Discourse
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 9.
1.
Mitigating Clarifications
2.
Examples
3.
Doing Rather than Talking
4.
Imprecise Language
Chapter Twenty-Six - The Laws of Thought in Meditation
Drawn from Logical and Spiritual Reflections (2008), In Defense of
Aristotle’s Laws of Thought, chapter 20.
1.
Cognitive Virtues
2.
The Absurdity of the Antitheses
Chapter Twenty Seven - Understanding the Laws of Thought
Drawn from A Fortiori Logic (2013), chapters 3.1, 7.2.
1.
Adapting the Laws of Thought
2.
Two More Laws of Thought
Chapter Twenty Eight - Assaults on Logic
Drawn from A Fortiori Logic (2013), chapter 12.1 and appendix 7.3
1.
Zen’s Anti-logic
2.
The Vanity of the Tetralemma
Chapter Twenty Nine - Modern Logic
Drawn from A Fortiori Logic (2013), appendices 7.1-2.
1.
Modern Symbolic Logic
2.
The Existential Import Doctrine
Chapter Thirty - The Liar and Russell Paradoxes (Redux)
Drawn from A Fortiori Logic (2013), appendices 7.4-5.
1.
The Liar Paradox (Redux)
2.
The Russell Paradox (Redux)
Main References
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